Opinion: Does it still matter to be Andriana in 2024?

The following article is an anonymous op-ed submitted by a member of the MadaLiving team.

Like in every society on Earth, the Malagasy society had and still has its castes that are mainly the Andriana, the Hova, and the Andevo. In Madagascar, the term "Andriana" refers to a noble class originating from the island's traditional monarchy systems. Historically, being Andriana carried significant political, cultural, and social weight. Nobility was a cornerstone of Malagasy identity, shaping societal structures and governance across various regions, particularly in the Merina kingdom in the central highlands. But does this designation hold any relevance in contemporary Madagascar, where modern values and democratic ideals dominate?

The Andriana class holds a historical importance. The Andriana were not merely a symbol of power but served as intermediaries between the people and the divine. They were leaders, landowners, and guardians of culture and tradition. Their privileges were often marked by specific clothing styles, homes, and rituals that set them apart from other social classes.

For centuries, the Andriana were instrumental in unifying and ruling regions of Madagascar, especially during the reign of prominent figures like King Andrianampoinimerina. However, the abolition of the monarchy in 1896 under French colonial rule dissolved the formal political authority of the Andriana class, leading to a significant transformation of their societal role.

There was thus a shift in social dynamics in the modern Madagascar. Nowadays, Madagascar is a republic with a constitution that emphasizes equality amongst its citizens. Traditional class distinctions have largely given way to modern social hierarchies based on wealth, education, and political influence. Yet remnants of Andriana identity persist, particularly in the highlands, where noble lineage is still celebrated in family traditions, weddings, and funerals.

In rural areas, the Andriana may still play ceremonial roles or act as informal leaders in local governance. In coastal regions where the “Ampanjaka” (kings) still exist, the Ampanjaka is more respected than the mayor or even the President of the Republic. In many cases, presidential candidates still consult the Ampanjaka before running their campaigns. However, younger generations, especially in urban areas, are less likely to view Andriana status as a marker of privilege or power, focusing instead on merit and individual achievement.

The Andriana identity still matters to some for several reasons. Firstly, it is a cultural pride. Many Andriana descendants take pride in their heritage, seeing it as a connection to Madagascar's rich history. Their identity is often preserved through oral traditions, cultural festivals, and family rituals. For example, some Andriana greet among themselves using “Tsarava tompoko!” instead of “Manao ahoana”; some Andriana’s tombs still have the “tranomanara”(a little house) on top; on obituary notices, they say “Ny Andriana…dia niamboho” instead of “nodimandry” (translated to deceased), and they are hidden (afenina) not buried (alevina). Although these practices still exist, they are less and less pronounced compared to previous generations.

Secondly, it is used as a symbol of unity. For some communities, the Andriana class serves as a unifying symbol, representing stability and continuity in a rapidly changing world.

Thirdly, being Andriana may still open doors socially and professionally, albeit subtly. It can convey a sense of trustworthiness or cultural rootedness.

Despite all of that, the relevance of Andriana identity is facing challenges. The economic disparities and the widespread poverty have diminished the practical importance of lineage. In a country where over 70% of the population lives below the poverty line, economic status often trumps noble heritage.

Rural populations were more prone to conserving the traditions. However, the country’s economic conditions caused an important urban migration that has diluted traditional societal structures. Younger Malagasy often prioritize modern identities over historical ones.

Increased intermarriage among ethnic groups and social classes has blurred the lines of Andriana identity, leading to its reduced significance in day-to-day life. Should we say love prevails?

Is it worth preserving this legacy?

While being Andriana no longer guarantees influence or privilege, it remains an important cultural marker for those who identify with it. In a world that often erodes traditional identities, preserving the history and values of the Andriana class can enrich Madagascar’s cultural tapestry.

However, for Andriana identity to remain meaningful, it must adapt to modern realities. This could mean transitioning from being a symbol of exclusivity to one of inclusivity, using its historical gravitas to foster cultural pride and national unity.

As Madagascar continues to navigate its place in the modern world, the Andriana class offers a valuable lesson: heritage, when embraced with openness and adaptability, can inspire pride without impeding progress.

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